International Relations (IR) refers to the study and practice of political, economic, and social interactions among sovereign states and other actors on the global stage. It encompasses a wide array of relationships that include diplomacy, conflict, trade, international organizations, and non-state actors such as multinational corporations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). IR examines how these entities coexist, interact, and influence each other’s behaviors, policies, and outcomes in a complex, interconnected world.
The field draws from various disciplines, including political science, history, economics, and law, and often addresses critical issues such as war and peace, human rights, environmental challenges, and global governance. In essence, International Relations seeks to understand the dynamics of power, cooperation, and competition between countries and other global actors, exploring both theoretical frameworks and practical applications to address international challenges.